COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM

COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM:

Half of the exam will cover material since the last midterm, the other half of the exam will cover material from exams 1-3. Anything included on the previous study guides (Exam 1, Exam 2, Exam 3) is fair game for the final. To help direct your studying, I've also roughly prioritized topics that I believe are central to your success in this course and future work in chemistry. Reviewing old exams, quizzes, suggested homework and practice problems on the Review Materials page are all good ways of studying. 

TOPICS FOR PRIORITY REVIEW:

• The concept of the MOLE and unit conversions Download The concept of the MOLE and unit conversions
  involving: molar mass, density, concentration, and gas laws. Understanding these relationships will take you a long way in this course and chemistry in general. Until you can work through problems involving these concepts, I wouldn't focus on anything else.
• Writing, categorizing, and balancing chemical reactions, including phase symbols (using the solubility chart Download using the solubility chart
  ).
• This includes being able to write the correct and proper formulas for substances. To do this, you should be familiar with the rules for nomenclature, know the charges of ions based on their position in the periodic table, and memorize the polyatomic ion names Download memorize the polyatomic ion names
  .
• Stoichiometry Calculations using Mole-to-Mole Ratios Download Stoichiometry Calculations using Mole-to-Mole Ratios
  (from balanced chemical equations): including calculations to determine the theoretical yield, limiting reagent, reagent in excess, percent yield and actual yield.
• Drawing Lewis Dot Structures Download Drawing Lewis Dot Structures
  and using these to predict molecular shapes Download predict molecular shapes
  and polarities

CHAPTER 13 & 14 REVIEW:

• Acid Base Chemistry:
• pH scale:
• Relate strong acids & bases to strong electrolytes & high conductivity
• Relate weak acids & bases to weak electrolytes & low conductivity
• Be able to calculate the pH given the concentration of H⁺ ions, or the concentration of a strong acid 
• Use the pH to calculate the concentration of hydronium ions
• Solutions:
• Understand the difference between the solute, solvent, and solution
• Understand how different solutes affect the electrical conductivity of the solution
• Most ionic compounds are strong electrolytes which conduct electricity in solution
• Most covalent compounds are NON-electrolytes which do not significantly conduct electricity in solution
• Concentrations:
• Be able to calculate the concentration of a solute in units of:
• Molarity (moles/L)
• Mass Percent
• Parts per million (ppm)
• The equations for these calculations will be provided but you must know how to use them
• Be able to solve for the total quantity of the solute based on the concentration and volume of solution provided
• Be able to use the dilution equation (M₁V₁=M₂V₂) to understand how concentration changes and volume changes during dilutions
• Solution Stoichiometry & TITRATIONS:
• Provided the concentration in molarity and volume in liters, find the moles of a reactant or product and use this as in an other stoichometry problem
• Based on the moles of one reactant, solve for the moles of another reactant, then use this quantity in combination with volume to find concentration